Pointers

Basic Of Pointer

• int x=5;

For Example

    main()

{

     int x=5;

Printf("%d\n",X);

printf("%d",&X);

}

Output Screen

Address Of Opertor

• & is known as address of operator.

• It is an unary operator.

• Operend must be the name of variable.

• & operator gives the address number of variable.

• & is also known as referencing operator

• (Address and reference are same).

Indirection Operator

• * is indirection operOper.

• It is also known as defrencing operator.

• It takes address as an argument.

• * returns the content (container whose address is its argument)

Example

  main()

{

  int x=5;

printf("%d \n",x);

printf("%d",*&x);

printf ("%d",*&x);

}

• % 32768 to 32767

• %u  0 to 65535

Question

int x=5;

 &x = 7;

            ↘(Error)

Because we can't store anything in &x as &x is not a variable it is the way to represent address of block x.

But 

  int x=5;                

     j=&x;

We can store address in another variable but 'j' has to be declared before use.

Pointer

  int *j, x=5;  /* Here (*) symbol is denoted as pointer */

  j=&x;

• j is not an ordinary variable like another integer variable.

• It is a variable which contains the address of another variable.

Definition of Pointer

• pointer is a variable which that contains address of another variable.

• Pointer always consumes 2 bytes memory.

Example

main()

{

   int x = 5; *j;

  j= &x;

printf("%d %d\n",x,j);

printf("%d %d",*j,&x);

printf("%d", *&j);

}

Output 

Base Address

 int a,*j;

 float b,*k;

char c, *r;

So in the pointer 

j=&a;  k=&b; c=&c;

{Whenever we will enter float data type or other data type value should be in the form of float otherwise

It will give error in C language.}

This was the basic concepts of pointer I hope guys this article would be helpful for you.

Function's

• Function is a piece of a code to accomplish certain operation.

• It has a name for identification.

• They are of two types

1. Predefined function.

2. User-defined function.

Example

add() /* function */

{

int a,b,c;

Printed("Enter two numbers");

Scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);

c=a+b;

Printf("sum is %d",c);

} isEven()

{ int a;

printf ("Enter a number");

scanf("%d",&a);

if (a%2==0)

printf ("Even");

else

printf("add");

}

main()

{

clrscr();

add();

isEven();

add();

add();

}

Technical Terms

• Function Call

• Function Declaration (Functional prototype)

• Function Call

Function Definition

  add()
{
printf("Enter two numbers");
scanf ("%d %d",&a,&b);
c=a+b;
printf("sum is %d",c);
}

Function Call

main()
{
clrscr();
add();

Remember

• Program must have at least one function.
• Function name must be unique.
• Function is an operation once defined can be used many times.
• One function is the program must be main.
• Function consumes memory only when it is invoked and released from RAM as soon as it finished it's job.

Benefits Of Function

• Modularization
• Easy to read
• Easy to Debug
• Easy to modify
• Avoids rewriting of same code over and over
• Better memory utilisation

Ways To Define A Function

• Takes nothing return something.
• Take something return nothing.
• Takes nothing return somthsome.
• Takes somthsome return something.

/*Takes nothing return something*/

#include<studio.h>
#include<conio.h>

  void main ()
{
     void add(void);
     clrscr();
    getch();
}
  void add()
{
    int a,b,c;
printf("Enter two numbers");
scanf ("%d %d",&a,&b);
c=a+b;
printf("sum is %d",c);
}

/* Take somtsomet returns nothing*/

• There is no use of function ( printf() and scanf()) because there is no need to take data from the user whereas already data is stored is variable.

Example

#include<conio.h>
#include<studio.h>

 void add (int,int);
 void main()
{
    int x,y;
   clrscr ();
printf("Enter two numbers");
scanf("%d %d",&X,&y);

add(x,y); /* actual argument (call by value)*/

getch();

}
void add (int x,int y) /* formal argument*/
{
 int c;
c= x+y;
printf("sum is %d" , c);
}

/*Takes Nothing Returns Nothing */

Example

 #include<conio.h>
 #include<studio.h>
   main()
{
     int s;
  clrscr ();
 s = add();
printf("sum is %d", s);
  getch ();
}
  int add()
{
int a,b,c;
printf("Enter two numbers");
scanf("%d %d", &a,&b);

return (a+b);
}


/*Takes something returns nothing */
  
#include<conio.h>
#include<studio.h>

    int add (int,int);
     void main()
{
    int s,x,y;
  clrscr ();
printf ("Enter two numbers");
   s= add (x,y);
printf("sum is %d",s);
    getch();
}
   int c;
c = a+b;
return (c);
}